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'@@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ +[https://evolutionkr.kr/ Evolution Korea]<br><br>South Korea's democracy is prone to populist inclinations. However, it is more stable than one would expect.<br><br>The country is looking for an innovative development paradigm. The Confucian culture, which stresses respect for ancestors and as and gender-specific family relationships, continues to be influential in the society. There are signs of a secularist cultural trend forming.<br><br>Origins<br><br>In prehistoric times the ancestors of the modern Koreans survived by hunting and gathering wild food. Then around 10,000 years ago, they began to grow crops including millet and beans. They also raised livestock and made furs. They created tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also created a metalworking industry, producing bronze tools and later iron tools. They traded with other states and introduced celadon, paper making, block printing, art styles and a written language to Japan.<br><br>Gojoseon was established in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state adopted Chinese culture which included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. At this time the inhabitants of Buyeo were part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon had a hierarchical structure with a monarch and high-ranking officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy, while the rest of the population were peasants. The state extracted taxes from these citizens and sometimes required them to fight in the army or participate in government projects such as building fortifications.<br><br>At the close of this period, the state of Baekje was established by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. The new kingdom grew its territory to the southwest of the peninsula and fought with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the area. Baekje accepted Confucian ideas in its state beliefs system in 1390 CE and made the male-centered concept of filiopiety a doctrine. In the name of filiopiety fathers were responsible for their families, and had to be revered and obeyed by all people, even their grandchildren and children.<br><br>Goryeo, who would rule from 918 until 1392 CE introduced the world to the Hangul alphabet that was based on the shapes formed by the mouth when it was pronounced. This dramatically improved communication between people, and resulted in an explosion of the writing of Buddhist texts. Additionally, movable metal type printing was introduced and woodblock printing was refined. It was during this period that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' was first recorded in 1145 CE.<br><br>Development in Korea<br><br>The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times and early evidence for human settlements is evident in the form graves lined with stones, with precious items like amazonite jewelry being buried along with the dead. Megalithic structures known as dolmens, constructed from massive single stones, are common throughout the country.<br><br>In the first part of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognizable political state. The peninsula was ruled by various states during the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC- 635 CE) including Baekje Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. The northern portion of the peninsula was occupied for a period by the Balhae Kingdom which historians do not believe to be a true Korean state.<br><br>Following the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje was the most powerful of these states was weakened by the collapse of Goguryeo (676 CE) and was left with only its southern regions in Manchuria and the the western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo as well as the Gaya confederacy, prospered for a short period of time.<br><br>The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to work together to expand their territories. In the final phase, Silla, with significant Chinese aid, conquered all other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE.<br><br>As Korea enters a post-crisis phase, its development paradigm seems to be changing. The people who are awed by the huge cost of the old systems support a comprehensive program of liberalization of capital, labor and product markets. On the other hand the people who support the old system attempt to protect it by promoting nationalist sentiments, and by exaggerating fears about possible job losses.<br><br>The academic and policy analysts remain starkly divided as to the extent to the extent that these two trends are driving Koreas shift towards a new model of economic governance. This article examines the latest developments by analyzing five phases of Korea's political development: the illiberal democratic period (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and democratic participation (2002 to the present). This article also identifies key factors that are the driving force behind these developments.<br><br>Creationism in Korea<br><br>In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have made significant progress in promoting their beliefs to this group. A survey in 2009 revealed that nearly one third of respondents do not believe in the theory of evolution. Of those who voted, 41% said that there wasn't enough scientific evidence to support evolution 39% claimed that the theory was in contradiction to their religious beliefs and 17% said it was difficult to comprehend. This level of doubt is similar to that in the United States, where a similar percentage of people do not believe that humans evolved from earlier types of life.<br><br>In the past, the anti-evolutionist campaign in Korea focused primarily on the education of students and the introduction of Christ to them. A significant increase in interest in creation science came in 1980, with an all-day seminar that was held during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul that featured Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the keynote speakers. This event attracted a huge number of professors, church leaders and scientists.<br><br>The success of this event led to the founding of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st, 1981. The meeting was covered extensively in national newspapers including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.<br><br>KACR started publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In CREATION, the organization published its own activities and published articles on scientific evidence for the existence of God. It also translated several films and slides from ICR and a few books on creationism that were already in print outside of Korea. KACR members also gave talks in churches and universities throughout the country.<br><br>A KACR success was seen at KAIST University in Seoul. There, there were enough students fascinated by the concept of creationism that they raised the money and support needed to build an on-campus museum showing creationist models of fossils and other exhibits.<br><br>In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly publication called CREATION. The magazine covers subjects in the creation science. It also sponsored a series lectures by ICR staff. It has also established local branches that hold seminars and provide talks to children in schools and community groups.<br><br>The evolution of South Korea<br><br>In the late nineteenth century and the early 20th century, Korea began to adopt an increasingly Westernized lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced with miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by jazz and rock &amp; roll. During this time, the famous samulnori, or masked dance dramas, were popular with the public. These dramatic dances were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums and various musical instruments.<br><br>Korea's new development paradigm is being created in the wake of the economic crisis. The new regime's main challenge is to find the right balance between state-led economic policies and market-based ones. It also involves rethinking the incentives and monitoring schemes that have created the pre-crisis system. These issues are covered in Chapters 3 &amp; 4.<br><br>The Baekje was founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by the people who lived along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas and migrants from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory to Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. Consequently, it came into frequent conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders along the border.<br><br>The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries resulted in the development of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He ruled a portion of today's Jeolla province as well as Chungcheong. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju and became a rival to Goguryeo.<br><br>The rule of his was, however, short-lived. After his defeat, Gungye was replaced by a powerful local leader, Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935, Later Baekje was peacefully incorporated into Goryeo as an alternative state. Additionally, Wang Geon introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a centralized rule system. This was the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was later controlled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly grew into powerful states on the peninsula and in Manchuria. '